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| − | =''Bone from a Dry Sea'' Pages 24-32=
| + | Return to [[History 8 Historiography Bone From a Dry Sea]] |
| − | Return to [[History 8 Archaeology Bone From a Dry Sea]] | + | |
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| − | '''Summary:'''
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| − | Vinny and her father arrive at the camp. She gets to know a few people from camp, including Dr. Hamiska and Anna May, an archaeologist. She learns some of the step of archeology, and when she helps put a skull together, Dr. Hamiska commends her and proclaims her to be a good luck charm.
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| − | '''Fossils and Plate Tectonics'''
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| − | http://maps.unomaha.edu/maher/plate/week10/USGSDynamicEarthfossils.gif
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| − | Plate tectonics and movement greatly affect the finding and placement of fossils. If a fossil is located deep in the earth near a convergent margin, the margin can push the earth apart to create a canyon. Fossils can be found in these new canyon walls and be eventually eroded out of the rock and washed down the canyon into the valley. Fossils also help to determine what the earth looked like many years ago. Scientists can piece together what the world looked like during Pangea by the different fossils located in different part of the earth. For example, if a dinosaur fossil was found in Africa that is the same age and species as a fossil found in South America, those two areas may have been joined at one point. Scientists can use the clues of where animals used to live to think of what the earth used to look like.
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| − | '''Fossils'''
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| − | http://oggiscienza.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/ida-the-missing-link-prim-001.jpg?w=600
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| − | Petrified remains of a once-living creature is called a fossil. Usually an imprint or a bone, a fossil is a type of source. Fossils fall into the ecofact category because they are the remains of organisms. Fossils are also primary resources because they tell their stories for themselves. Analyzing a fossil, you can tell what type of animal or plant it was and how old it was. Also, because they are ecofacts, fossils give scientists information about past climate and ecology of the sites they were found at.
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| − | '''Plate Tectonics'''
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| − | http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/graphics/Fig21oceancont.jpg
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| − | Plate Tectonics are the movement of the earth's lithospheric plates. The earth is broken up into different plates, which can be continental or oceanic. The plates move as a cause of magma moving underneath them and rising to the surface. Boundaries are the places two plates meet. There are three types of boundaries: divergent, which push towards each other, convergent, which pull away from each other, and transform, which slide past each other. A good example of each of these boundaries would be the Himalayas (divergent), mid-atlantic Rift (convergent), and the San-Andreas Fault (transform).
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| − | '''Archaeology Steps'''
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| − | There are many steps to archaeology. They go as the following:
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| − | ''Surveying the land''
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| − | This is to find any good dig sites.
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| − | ''Creating a Map''
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| − | A map of the site is worked on throughout the dig. Relics found on the site are marked on these maps and the maps are used as a reference of where different items were found. A map also shows where in the country the site is.
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| − | ''Putting on the Grid''
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| − | A grid made from ropes is created over the site to measure the distribution of artifacts by how many artifacts is found in each grid square.
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| − | ''Excavation''
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| − | Archeologists use many tools to excavate, or dig up, the artifacts from the archaeological dig site. Tools can include shovels and trowels, paint brushes and dental picks, occasionally, backhoes or bulldozers, and string, measuring tape, camera, recording forms, bags for storing artifacts, and flagging tape. At the end of the dig all the dug-out areas are refilled.
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