Difference between revisions of "Pages 56-67"

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Return to [[History 8 Archaeology Bone From a Dry Sea]]
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Return to [[History 8 Environment Bone From a Dry Sea]]
  
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Place change is the evolution of an area. Place change is conveyed in the book ''A Bone From a Dry Sea'' when Vinny climbs a hill staring at the dry desert, "Looking back over the gray, roasting desert she tried to imagine it when it had been a marshy lake, streaming under this sun, with rivers running in and pigs rooting in the reed beds, and other creatures, creatures who were almost people, perhaps, making their camp at the water's edge ..." (56). This is an example of place change. It was once a lake, filled with water and animals and has evolved into a dry, sandy desert with nearly no water.
  
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==Bone From a Dry Sea <ref name=BFDS>Dickinson, Peter. A Bone from a Dry Sea. New York: Laurel-Leaf Books, 1992. Print.</ref> pages 56-67 and Manual<ref name=Manual>Beniretto, Rosie, and Clay Elliot, comps. Manual for Cultural Foundations of
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The Law of Superposition, created by Charles Lyell, states that there are layers of the Earth. Youngest at the top and oldest at the bottom, much like a cake. The cake is made, icing is put on, then the decorations or candles are placed on top. Superposition is portrayed when Dr. Hamiska pointed out the layering in the rocks. "You see this layering, how it's tiled? The gray band? That's tuff- remeber? ... If it turns up elsewhere in the area I shall know where it comes in the sequence. Now I'm going to see if I can hack out some good unweathered crystal from the tuff" (56). Dr. Hamiska points out the layering of the Earth to Vinny showing her the order of the old and new layers.
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    Ancient Civilizations. Vol. 1. Houston: St. John's School, 2012. Print.</ref> page 6 ==
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'''By: Courtney Jacobs'''
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https://s3.amazonaws.com/test.classconnection/375/flashcards/393375/jpg/africa_tanzania_olduvai_gorge_site.jpg
  
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==='''Summary of This Chapter in BDFS<ref name=BFDS>Dickinson, Peter. A Bone from a Dry Sea. New York: Laurel-Leaf Books, 1992. Print.</ref>'''===
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Sources: Origins Manual page 9
  
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Dr. Hamiska, his wife, Jane, Vinny, and her dad visit an archaeological site int he badlands where previous excavations had taken place in the past. According to the archeologists who had dug before them, there were no fossils left. They were visiting anyway because the rock formations may have a layer associated with another fossil they found. Soon, Ms. Hamiska proves the previous archaeologists wrong by finding a tooth dated at around 4 million years. Later, they find more fossils plus more of the layer they were looking for. Everyone gets very excited when Vinny finds a flat-looking fossil by herself. When they discover what it is (a human-like foot), everyone cheers. Dr. Hamiska tells Vinny that she found one of the oldest hominid specimens that exists. Turns out Vinny did bring everyone luck!
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A Bone from a Dry Sea by Peter Dickinson page 56
  
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==='''Place changes - BFDS<ref name=BFDS>Dickinson, Peter. A Bone from a Dry Sea. New York: Laurel-Leaf Books, 1992. Print.</ref> Pages 56 and 57'''===
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Read more about superposition here: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/topics/time/froshlec8.html
  
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Picture:https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/anthr-202-study-guide-2013-14-graf/deck/8694151
  
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http://media.treehugger.com/assets/images/2011/10/beached-boats-aral-sea-central-asia.jpg
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- Sara Doyle
  
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This picture shows a boat that used to be sunk in the sea, but when the sea dried up, the boat remained on the ground.
 
  
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10. Fossilization
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Fossilization is the way fossils are formed. Fossilization occurs when an animal dies in a place where lots of sediments can be deposited, usually in a lake or river, because if nothing is deposited on the bones than fossils can't be formed. After the river dries up, what was once the riverbed is revealed and the fossils can then be discovered by a geologist.
  
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''Pages 56 and 57 - “When the plain which you saw from the camp had been sea, and the hills where the camp was had been an island, this had been the channel between the island and the mainland. Then, slowly, the land had risen, and it had become a great marsh, and creatures had lived and died there, leaving their bones in the marsh. Rivers had fed the marsh, bringing down silt from the hills, layer after layer after layer, covering the bones. Then the coastline had risen, cutting the marsh off from the sea, and slowly it had dried out, evaporated, becoming saltier and saltier as it did so. It was badlands still because of the salt. The plates of the earth had ground against each other and there had been earthquakes, tilting the edges of the plain into new young hills, where the layers of silt compacted into clay and fresh soft rock, while the buried bones became fossils within them. Time had streamed by, hundreds and thousands of seasons, wet, dry, wet, dry, wet, dry, each wet softening the surface of the earth and each dry baking it hard -again. Sometimes rain washed whole mountainsides away. Sometimes things barely changed at all."''
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http://www.wwnorton.com/college/anthro/our-origins2/img/AskClarkFAQs/Figure-8.4.jpg
  
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Dr. Hamiska explains place change in the badlands which they are driving through. He tells everyone about how the dry, arid badlands used to be a salty sea, but then the ''place changed''.
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A Bone from a Dry Sea by Peter Dickinson, pages 52-53
  
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Image Link[http://www.wwnorton.com/college/anthro/our-origins2/img/AskClarkFAQs/Figure-8.4.jpg]
  
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http://www.wou.edu/las/physci/taylor/gs407rivers/photos_2007/newberry_caldera_air.jpg
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- Cooper Hay
  
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This picture shows a caldera, something that happens after an explosive eruption. The top of the volcano caved in. The ''place changed'' because that caldera could turn into a lake and provide a home for animals and plants.
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11. Define tuff
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Tuff is a layer of fossilized ash from a volcanic eruption that is usually of felsic composition. Tuff is useful because it gives clues about volcanic activity in the past,and because it can be used to date rocks. Tuff can be used to date rocks because feldspar crystals, which are often found inside tuff layers, contain an unstable isotope of potassium that can then be dated using radiometric dating. Once the archeologists have a date for the fossils, they can then infer that the surrounding fossils are also the same age.
  
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==='''Superposition - BFDS<ref name=BFDS>Dickinson, Peter. A Bone from a Dry Sea. New York: Laurel-Leaf Books, 1992. Print.</ref> Page 57, 58, 61, and 67, and Manual<ref name=Manual>Beniretto, Rosie, and Clay Elliot, comps. Manual for Cultural Foundations of
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http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousTextures/9Pyroclasticz/TuffTwoWholeRock.jpg
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    Ancient Civilizations. Vol. 1. Houston: St. John's School, 2012. Print.</ref> Page 6 '''===
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''Page 57 - "…Rivers had fed the marsh, bringing down silt from the hills, layer after layer after layer, covering the bones..."''
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A Bone from a Dry Sea, by Peter Dickinson, Page 56
  
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This describes layers of silt that can be dated using the law of superposition.
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http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/dating-fossils-rocks/
  
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http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousTextures/9Pyroclastic.html
  
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''Page 58 - "Where the old strata are exposed, they lie in the same order as that in which they were laid down…"''
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Image Link: [http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousTextures/9Pyroclastic.html]
  
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Dr. Hamiska is explaining the law of superposition to VInny.
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- Cooper Hay
  
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12. Archaeological process
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The archaeological process of superposition was found through out the pages. The act on which older materials are found lower in the ground was present. The lower the diggers dug, the older the artifacts were. This is a prime example of the law of superposition.
  
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''Page 61 - "You see this layering, how it's tilted?...So we had a minor volcanic eruption followed by a dry spell...I shall know where it comes in the sequence..."''
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http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/images/24/superposition.jpg
  
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They are using the law of superposition to date the rocks and identify what type of material the rocks are made out of.
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-Will Leger
  
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Picture link[http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/images/24/superposition.jpg]
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''Page 67 - "It's going to be datable by the tuff!"''
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This explains the law of superposition because you can date rocks relatively. If you know the exact dates of two layers surrounding a middle layer, you can predict that the middle layer formed in between those dates.
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''Page 6 - "What is the theory of superposition? Charles Lyell, the Father of modern geology, sensed that rocks formed layers like those of a cake.  …the theory of superposition … states simply that a layer of rock at the earth's surface was deposited later than the layer under it… Lower is older."''
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This provides a concise definition of the law of superposition as set forth by Charles Lyell in the manual.
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http://www.prehistoricplanet.com/images/features/earth/geologictime/rocklayers2.jpg
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This picture depicts a simple way to understand the law of superposition.
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http://flynt.pbworks.com/f/1201808072/superposition.jpg
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This picture shows a real-life example of how scientists use the law of superposition to identify and date rock layers.
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==Bone From a Dry Sea pages 56-67<ref name=BFDS>Dickinson, Peter. A Bone from a Dry Sea. New York: Laurel-Leaf Books, 1992. Print.</ref>==
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'''By: Keshav Krishnan'''
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==='''Fossilization'''===
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==='''Define tuff'''===
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Tuff is also known as "volcanic tuff"
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Tuff is defined as a rock (usually stratified) composed of volcanic particles similar to ash and cinder.
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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/Bishop_tuff.jpg
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==='''Archaeological process (examples)'''===
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==Sources==
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<references/>
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Latest revision as of 18:24, 21 September 2015

Return to History 8 Environment Bone From a Dry Sea

Place change is the evolution of an area. Place change is conveyed in the book A Bone From a Dry Sea when Vinny climbs a hill staring at the dry desert, "Looking back over the gray, roasting desert she tried to imagine it when it had been a marshy lake, streaming under this sun, with rivers running in and pigs rooting in the reed beds, and other creatures, creatures who were almost people, perhaps, making their camp at the water's edge ..." (56). This is an example of place change. It was once a lake, filled with water and animals and has evolved into a dry, sandy desert with nearly no water.

The Law of Superposition, created by Charles Lyell, states that there are layers of the Earth. Youngest at the top and oldest at the bottom, much like a cake. The cake is made, icing is put on, then the decorations or candles are placed on top. Superposition is portrayed when Dr. Hamiska pointed out the layering in the rocks. "You see this layering, how it's tiled? The gray band? That's tuff- remeber? ... If it turns up elsewhere in the area I shall know where it comes in the sequence. Now I'm going to see if I can hack out some good unweathered crystal from the tuff" (56). Dr. Hamiska points out the layering of the Earth to Vinny showing her the order of the old and new layers.

africa_tanzania_olduvai_gorge_site.jpg

Sources: Origins Manual page 9

A Bone from a Dry Sea by Peter Dickinson page 56

Read more about superposition here: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/geology/leveson/core/topics/time/froshlec8.html

Picture:https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/anthr-202-study-guide-2013-14-graf/deck/8694151

- Sara Doyle


10. Fossilization Fossilization is the way fossils are formed. Fossilization occurs when an animal dies in a place where lots of sediments can be deposited, usually in a lake or river, because if nothing is deposited on the bones than fossils can't be formed. After the river dries up, what was once the riverbed is revealed and the fossils can then be discovered by a geologist.

Figure-8.4.jpg

A Bone from a Dry Sea by Peter Dickinson, pages 52-53

Image Link[1]

- Cooper Hay

11. Define tuff Tuff is a layer of fossilized ash from a volcanic eruption that is usually of felsic composition. Tuff is useful because it gives clues about volcanic activity in the past,and because it can be used to date rocks. Tuff can be used to date rocks because feldspar crystals, which are often found inside tuff layers, contain an unstable isotope of potassium that can then be dated using radiometric dating. Once the archeologists have a date for the fossils, they can then infer that the surrounding fossils are also the same age.

TuffTwoWholeRock.jpg

A Bone from a Dry Sea, by Peter Dickinson, Page 56

http://education.nationalgeographic.com/media/dating-fossils-rocks/

http://www.pitt.edu/~cejones/GeoImages/2IgneousRocks/IgneousTextures/9Pyroclastic.html

Image Link: [2]

- Cooper Hay

12. Archaeological process The archaeological process of superposition was found through out the pages. The act on which older materials are found lower in the ground was present. The lower the diggers dug, the older the artifacts were. This is a prime example of the law of superposition.

superposition.jpg

-Will Leger

Picture link[3]

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