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The leaders of the Tang Dynasty (618-907) organized China into a prosperous, social, and powerful civilization. Tang Taizong, the second emperor of the Tang dynasty, played a major role in the advancement and maturing of China. He imposed three policies, which were followed throughout the dynasty: Transportation and communication, the equal field system, and bureaucracy of merit. The Tang culture was enriched with an elaborate collection of art, poetry, and literature. Much of their success revolved around their artistic abilities and talents. The introduction of Buddhism was key in the cultural changes made in the Tang Dynasty. One of the main promoters of Buddhism was Empress Wu (ruled 690-705), who was the only female emperor in Chinese history, even though she was eventually deposed.

The Song Dynasty (960-1279) followed the Tang Dynasty after it fell, and although they survived for three centuries, they struggled to maintain healthy power. Their fall was eventually caused by the lack of attention towards the military, where they were being bullied by other places such as the Khitan and Jurchen. Their culture put emphasis on education, arts, and industry. Buddhism influenced less violence in the society, which ultimately succeeded to assist their fall.

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