Difference between revisions of "*History 8 Neolithic Revolution Concepts"

From SJS Wiki
Jump to: navigation, search
Line 9: Line 9:
 
'''3. Where and why did the switch from hunting/gathering to plant cultivation and animal husbandry occur. What social change happened?'''
 
'''3. Where and why did the switch from hunting/gathering to plant cultivation and animal husbandry occur. What social change happened?'''
  
−
'''4.  What was the role of irrigation in the urban revolution?'''
+
'''4.  What was the [[role of irrigation]] in the urban revolution?'''
−
 
+
−
=====Introduction=====
+
−
The role of irrigation help explain why most early agricultural peoples settled in village communities, rather than isolated farms. Taking place in the "urban revolution," a period of time in which agriculture played a lead role in the change of humanity within its environments, the needs of irrigation encouraged farmers specialized in different areas of work to come together to assure the access of water for crops.
+
−
=====Irrigation Projects=====
+
−
Big rivers were the foundation for irrigation projects that could channel water, assuring magnificent quantities of water to be transported to vast stretches of land. Large gangs of laborers were assembled to build even greater projects on major rivers, requiring teamwork, effort, and strength.
+
−
Furthermore, regulations and constant management was required to assure that users along the river and in the villages had equal access to water supply (this was due to the constant bands of marauders that wanted to steal the water for their own personal use).
+
−
=====Impact on Societies=====
+
−
The feeling of trust and teamwork implied an increase in the scale of political and economic organization. Irrigated land produced surpluses with greater certainty and required new kinds of organization that helped these societies develop and progress through the urban revolution.
+
−
=====Theoretical Approach=====
+
−
According to Toynbee's concept of challenge and response, the neolithic villagers faced the challenge of having to develop huge stretches of empty land by constructing massive works of irrigation and draining, and that their response was their increase in numbers and organization that made it possible for them to accomplish these tasks.
+
  
 
'''***Page 35'''
 
'''***Page 35'''

Revision as of 21:59, 6 October 2011

Back to History 8

***Page 33-34

1. Describe the physical and social changes brought about by the end of the Younger Dryas.

2. Describe the role of women in horticultural socities.

3. Where and why did the switch from hunting/gathering to plant cultivation and animal husbandry occur. What social change happened?

4. What was the role of irrigation in the urban revolution?

***Page 35

5. Urban life had some challenges: 

   a. Disease - Disease was a very large problem in Urban life. Humans, animals, and several different types of waste products were

collecting in most of the residences. Unlike hunter-gatherers that often moved when filthy situations occurred, sedentary farmers could not. The large numbers of people and animals and close living quarters aided disease by spreading contagious illnesses. Even though medicine is around today, millions of people battle the same diseases that our ancestors did so many years ago. These illnesses include smallpox, tuberculosis, measles, influenza, and malaria. 

   b. property
  • Security New security measures, such as laws, barriers, and soldiers, were required to prevent crime. 
   d. economics

      • Page 36

6. Name and explain the distinguishing characteristics of culture. What is culture's essential feature? Culture is a pattern for how people in certain social groups behave and think. Culture is what make people from one group different than people from another It is also what separates humans and animals. Culture includes beliefs, behavioral standards, language, religion, art, government systems, technology, clothing, and culinary style.


7. What is the purpose of language and art in a culture?

8. What are systems of meaning?

9. Why is culture learned?

***Page 37-39

10. What important principles follow from the definition of culture given in the manual?

11. What is the first purpose of a myth?

12. Why is mythology a universal need?

13. What is the second purpose of a myth?

14. What role does mythology play in morality of a culture?

15. What is religion and its characteristics, elements and functions in a society?

16. What were some of the problems of complex societies?


**Source Reading One: Pages 40-42

17. Summarize Impact of containers 18. Summarize Impact of domestication of animals

19. Summarize Impact of methods of water management

20. Summarize Impact of growth, populations and food production.

**Source Reading Two Pages 43-44

21. Fertile Crescent

22. Summarize Impact of record keeping

23. Summarize Impact of water in Mesopotamia and Babylon

24. Summarize Impact of water in Egypt

**25. Summarize Impact of water in Indus River Valley

Retrieved from "http://wiki.sjs.org/wiki/index.php?title=*History_8_Neolithic_Revolution_Concepts&oldid=14054"