Difference between revisions of "*History 8 Neolithic Revolution Concepts"

Revision as of 11:53, 12 October 2011

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***Page 33-34

1. Describe the physical and social changes brought about by the end of the Younger Dryas. One of the physical effects of the end of the Younger Dryas is that more food became abundant. Because the abundance of food grew many groups were able to live in the same face, affecting them socially. Also people began to notice that different animals had different migration patterns(according to the season) making them easy to manage and keep them closer to where they lived. Also because it was not as dry there was more grain. With a combination of the animals and plants factors people had more food to plan for the future, allowing them to have larger groups and produce more offspring.

2. Describe the Role of Women in Horticultural societies.

3. Where and why did the switch from hunting/gathering to plant cultivation and animal husbandry occur. What social change happened?

4. What was the role of irrigation in the urban revolution?

***Page 35

5. Urban life had some challenges:

• • • a. Disease - Disease was a very large problem in Urban life.
    • b. property

• Security New security measures, such as laws, barriers, and soldiers, were required to prevent crime.

• Economics Economics played a large role in the successes and failures of urban life.

• • • Page 36

6. Name and explain the distinguishing characteristics of culture. Culture is a pattern for how people in certain social groups behave and think. Culture is what make people from one group different than people from another It is also what separates humans and animals. Culture includes beliefs, behavioral standards, language, religion, art, government systems, technology, clothing, and culinary style. What is culture's essential feature?

7. What is the purpose of language and art in a culture?

8. What are systems of meaning? A system of meaning is the set of associations linking variables such as terms or behaviors, with their meanings.

9. Why is culture learned?

***Page 37-39

10. What important principles follow from the definition of culture given in the manual?

11. What is the first purpose of a myth?

12. Why is mythology a universal need?

13. What is the second purpose of a myth?

14. What role does mythology play in morality of a culture?

15. What is religion and its characteristics, elements and functions in a society?

16. What were some of the problems of complex societies?

**Source Reading One: Pages 40-42

17. Summarize Impact of containers

18. Summarize Impact of domestication of animals The domestication of animals resulted in many short- and long-term advantages for early civilizations. The dog was the first domesticated animal by humans, which was used for hunting. But the domestication of farm animals such as sheep, pigs, cattle, and goats impacted humans the most. They provided more food, which resulted in growing populations. More people began to live together in small villages, which developed into bustling towns. The cattle also provided land transportation, with the ability to pull carts and wagons. This caused humans to move into neighboring towns and conquer them. In addition to all the positive impacts, there were some negative ones also. With humans and animals living in extremely close proximity to each other, this provided a great environment for the rise of epidemic diseases like smallpox, influenza, and the measles. People were constantly being exposed to animal viruses which eventually mutated into human viruses. (Page 42 in the manual)

19. Summarize Impact of methods of water management

20. Summarize Impact of growth, populations and food production.

Population: The growth of population caused more advances in irrigation as farmers moved further from the rivers to incorporate more farm area to feed the growing amount of people. This also resulted in diseases because humans were in such close quarters with each other and their animals. (Manual p41)

Growth: The growth of agriculture

Food Production: As food production grew, so did leisure time. This led to all kinds of new technology and social structures, including the first governments and civilizations, as well as specialized jobs, or crafts. Also, the surplus of food allowed for the trade of foodstuffs from one group or civilization to another, therefore increasing the ability of all groups involved to obtain the resources to better their technology. (Manual p42)

For the Online Version of this chapter of the Manual[1]

For a website that may explain more about this as well as other topics[2]

**Source Reading Two Pages 43-44

21. Fertile Crescent

22. Summarize Impact of record keeping

23. Summarize Impact of water in Mesopotamia and Babylon

24. Summarize Impact of water in Egypt

**25. Summarize Impact of water in Indus River Valley