5. Toynbee: Challenge and Response

Toynbee The definition of the Toynbee Theory, given by Manual 12 and created by Arnold J. Toynbee, is that all civilizations are faced with crises, which are either of ideas or of technology. If the new concept enters American culture, people can either get used to it or dismiss the idea altogether. How the people react to the new concept will determine if it will exist. This also applies to technology. Arnold Toynbee was a man who was very curious about the rise and fall of civilizations. In his Study of history, he describes the reasons of why 23 civilizations collapsed and rose.

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