Eater of Souls

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Chapter One(Paige Avery) Identifying Characters

• Kysen is Meren's adopted son. He was adopted when he was young saved from his abusive father. He is not used to the noble life and the leisure that comes with it.

• Meren is Beren and Isis' father and Kysen's adoptive father. He is a very close advisor to the pharaoh and his job is to investigate high nobility's deaths and very serious crimes. He is in charge of punishment in other words he is the head of Egypt's Secret Inquiry.

• Bener and Isis are Kysen's sisters. They are both educated and Bener seems to act as head of the household.

http://gatewaytogold.com/why-we-love-the-pyramids-of-giza/

Chapter 1 Identify:

• Kysen is Meren's son, and was adopted when young from an abusive father. He sometimes wonders if he truly belongs with Meren and nobility.

• Meren is the father of Bener and Isis, and adopted Kysen when he was young. Meren is the leader of Egypt's CIA, and is a very powerful man. "Everyone obeyed Meren. It would never occur to his father otherwise."

• Bener and Isis are Kysen's sisters and Meren's daughters. Kysen daydreams back to when he and Bener were stealing pomegranates from the kitchens when they were small kids, and this shows that even though Kysen doubts his assimilation into the family, he still has fun memories with his siblings.

1. Find one descriptive scene in this chapter and a picture to illustrate it.

Jordan A. McLemore-Moon

Chapter 1. (Lizzy Fallon) Identify:

• Kysen is the adopted son of Meren. He grew up is Thebes with an abusive father. He is not used to the rich and nobility of his home in Memphis with his adopted family.

• Meren is the adopted father of Kysen and the birth father of Bener and Isis. He is part of the Pharoahs Secret Inquiery (FBI and CIA rolled into one).

• Bener is Kysen's sister (not by birth) and Meren's daughter. She is closer to Kysen than Isis.

• Isis is the sister of Kysen (not by birth) and the daughter of Meren.

Chapter 2 (Sam Kagan) Identify

• Sokar: The mean, fat chief watchman of Memphis, fairly high class.
• Min: day watchman on duty at site of peasant farmer killing; lower of class than Sokar
• Mugallu: The prince emissary to the king of the Hittites, issues challenges to Egypt.

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

2. Give an example of class distinctions. Sokar is strolling down the street, brushing stray crumbs from his shirt, while Min is sweating in the Egyptian sun, waiting for Sokar(18). Also, Meren wears lapis lazuli and gold and ivory into court, with a jeweled dagger at his side(20).

3. Give an example of how Egyptians regarded Pharaoh. Meren becomes angry when Mugallu treats Tut like an equal, while Meren and Egypt regard him as a living deity(23). Tut is adorned with every imaginable gem or precious metal (except silver, of course)(22).

Chapter 3 Identify

• Akhenaton- heretic Pharaoh of Egypt (Believed the Sun Disk, Aten, should be the only God worshipped (35-37) (H.A.)
• Anat- A victim of the Eater of Souls. She worked at a beer tavern called the Mansion of Joy. (Worked at the beer tavern as a prostitute (39) (H.A.))

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

4. Explain what happened to Meren during Akhenaton's reign.

Meren's Dad was accused of worshiping the Old Pharaoh and was killed. Becasue of Meren's Dad, he was put into prison when he was 18. In prison, Meren was beaten and tortured. Now, Meren is the eyes and ears of the Pharaoh.

" " (Pg. 31).

5. Why was Meren upset and troubled by Akhenaton's death?

Meren was troubled by his dishonesty. He is constantly judging people to see if they are guilty or not and have sinned, yet he knows that he has a bad heart. Meren knew that Akhenaton was going to be killed and Meren is upset that he didn't do anything to stop it. Meren knows that in the future, his heart will weigh more than the feather, and that his heart will be eaten by the Eater of Souls.

" " (Pg. 32).

Josie Russ

Chapter 3 (Brooke Lummis) Identity

• Akhenaton - The heretic pharaoh of Egypt who replaced the old gods with his sun disc deity, Aten.
• Anat - A woman who worked in a tavern and was the first victim of the eater of souls.

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

4. Explain what happened to Meren during Akhenaton's reign.

After Meren's father was killed for believing in the gods that Akhenaton had replaced, Meren was imprisoned by Akhenaton because Akhenaton thought that Meren believed in the old gods like his dad did.

5. Why was Meren upset and troubled by Akhenaton's death?

Meren thought that the universe was off balance because Akhenaton was a living god, and he didn't understand how a living god could be killed. Meren also felt responsible for his death because he knew Ay was sending him away so he could kill him, but Meren left to the Libyan border anyway.

Chapter 3- Cara Maines

Identify

• Akhenaton- heretic pharaoh, threw out of favor the old gods in favor of the sun disk Aten
• Anat- elderly tavern worker, victim of Eater of Souls

For the questions, give the page number and sentence.

4. Explain what happened to Meren during Akhenaton's reign.

Akhenaton suspected Meren of adhering to the old gods after he had thrown them out in favor of the sun disk Aten. Akhenaton killed Meren's father and imprisoned Meren for such reasons, beating, threatening, and starving him in prison in order to test his loyalty.

5. Why was Meren upset and troubled by Akhenaton's death?

Meren felt accountable for the death of Akhenaton because, even though Akhenaton had imprisoned and tortured him, he knew that Ay would kill Akhenaton while he was away but traveled to the border nonetheless. Because of this, he was troubled by Akhenaton's death.

Chapter 4 Identify

• Abu

Abu is Meren's chief aide. He protects Meren, Kysen's father, and also trained him in the art of the warrior. Kysen sent for him, but up until then he had been overseeing Meren's affairs in Thebes. "44-45"

Abu is a high-ranking lord, who protects Meren. Kysen and Meren are of the few who can order Abu. JC

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

6. What was the perceived role of women? Women managed households and bore children. They had nothing to do with a "man's task". "47"

Men think that women manage households and bear children, and have no right in the tasks of men. Women believe that they have an influence on their husbands and sons because they raise their sons and clean and cook for their husbands (47-48). JC

7. Page no. 52 Using the last paragraph on the page, give a definition of ka. Ka is the soul. "52" Sydney Moye

Ka is your soul, where you keep your innermost secrets and feelings. Ka is where you keep your most painful weaknesses and old grudges. If you want something hidden from the world, you keep it in your Ka, or soul (52). JC

Chapter 5

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

8. How did Egyptians regard the night time?

In Memphis, Egypt when the sun went down, all work ceased and relaxation began. Dead spirits wandered the roads and fiends from the underworld came to Earth to attack the citizens that were not careful.

"It was the time when spirits of the dead roamed and underworld fiends ascended to attack the unwary" (59). --Noel Higgason

The night time was viewed as a time of rest. "When the sun vanished, work stopped and rest began" (59). The night time was viewed as a dangerous time as well, a time "when spirits of the dead roamed and underworld fiends ascended to attack the unwary" (59). This is proven when Egyptian citizen Pawah is taken away by a pack of jackals. [[1]] is a representation of what an Eye of Horus amulet might look like. -Matthew Brown

The Egyptians regarded the night time as a dangerous time when all of the forgotten souls come out to find someone to bring them offerings, so they are no longer forgotten(59).-Cameron Weiner

Egyptians said night time was "when spirits of the dead roamed and underworld fiends ascended to attack the unwary" (59). Therefore, night was very dangerous. -Gabe Malek

9. How did the Egyptians try to protect themselves?

For protection, some Egyptians wore an Eye of Horus amulet to ward off evil. On their way home from work, most avoided lighted areas and preferred to walk in dark closed off alleys. Others like to murmur fast spells against evil and protection. One spell went: "Amun, Toth, Isis, bring me not the notice of the servants of charioteers of Lord Meren."

"Lying on the top of the wall beneath the branches of a willow tree, he could only curse Pawah and finger his Eye of Horus amulet while reciting a spell of protection" (61). --Noel Higgason

Magic was a large part of Egyptian protection from the evil that night brought. Egyptians recited spells of protection and one "wore an Eye of Horus amulet around his neck...to ward off all evil" (59). -Matthew Brown

The Egyptians tried to protect themselves by wearing amulets around their necks to ward off the spirits(59). They also muttered spells to the gods to ask them to protect them from the spirits (61).-Cameron Weiner

Egyptians obtained protection by wearing numerous amulets and by reciting magical spells to ward off underworld beasts. -Gabe Malek

Chapter 6 - Amy Dong

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

10. Describe the relationship of the Hittites and the Egyptians

• Egypt view of Hittite

The Egyptians thought of the Hittites as "battle grinning." This means that the Hittites supposedly found slashed bellies with entrails spilling out an amusing sight. The Egyptians were also very wary of the Hittites, for the Egyptians thought they were enemies who bribed people in Egypt to betray their country. Hittites were also seen as barbarians and wretched Asiatics. They were "birds of prey," belligerent, and too pessimistic for the Joy of the Nile.

• Hittite view of Egypt

Hittites viewed Egyptians as nobles who dressed like women and oiled themselves like catamites. They sneered upon them and thought that their optimism had made them soft and weak. Hittites thought Egyptians were too pampered by Egypt's abundant resources and, though weak, stuffed with pride. They felt like they could defeat the Egyptians any day and that Egypt was a frail opponent.

Philip Kensinger

Egypt View of Hittites The Egyptians saw the Hittites as largely barbaric and uncivilized. The Hittites were called "Barbarians, wretched Asiatics (75)" ruled by a "mere king (76)". This of course is referring to the belief that the pharaoh was a god, however the Hittite king was a mere man.

Hittite View of Egypt On the whole, the Hittites viewed the Egyptians as spoiled brats. The Egyptians were referred to as "the pampered, oiled toys of the pharaoh (75)" who were trying to "hold Egypt together long enough for their boy king to grow up (76)".

Chapter 7

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

11. What is the significance of the feather left in place of the heart stolen in each of the murders?

After a person dies, they are sent to be judged. Their heart is weighed against the Feather of Life. If the heart is heavier than the feather, the person is not found worthy of an afterlife, and the devouress eats the soul, or the ka, and the body. There is then nothing left of the person and a feather is left in place of the heart of the person. If the heart is lighter than the feather, the person is worthy of an afterlife and is sent to eternal happiness. (105) [Anna Brooks Pacha]

"After a person dies...Their heart is weighed against the Feather of Life. If the heart is heavier than the feather, the person is not found worthy of an afterlife, and the devouress eats the soul, or the ka, and the body. There is then nothing left of the person and a feather is left in place of the heart of the person."(Page 105) Hjones

12. What happens to a soul after death?

It is sent to be judged. The heart is weighed vs. the feather of life. If the heart is heavier, the ka is devoured by the devouress. If the heart is lighter than the feather, they are sent to have an afterlife filled with happiness and joy. (105) [Anna Brooks Pacha]

"After a person dies, they are sent to be judged. Their heart is weighed against the Feather of Life. If the heart is heavier than the feather, the person is not found worthy of an afterlife, and the devouress eats the soul, or the ka, and the body. There is then nothing left of the person and a feather is left in place of the heart of the person. If the heart is lighter than the feather, the person is worthy of an afterlife and is sent to eternal happiness." (Page 105)

Hjones

Chapter 8

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

13. What reasons did Zulaya give for Egypt's relative peace?: The reason was the barrier seperating Egypt from the arguing and fighting Asiatics with their bloodshet, monarchy, and barbarians (113). MEC

The reason he gave was that the natural barriers of the desert across the Nile River. These natural barriers separated the Egyptians from the violent, barbaric ways of the people living in Europe and Asia. This protection gives them relative peace, and they do not have to stress or prepare for attacks. (Jboyce)

14. Why is Meren upset by Reshep's behavior?: Reshep is very full of himself and thinks that he is better than most. Meren says Reshep has too much pride and thinks that he is perfect. Meren is also upset, because Reshep thinks of himself as divine(121). MEC

Meren is upset by Reshep's behavior because he shows Meren no respect, sitting in Meren's chair like nothing is amiss. He truly believes he is perfect and superior, and very impolitely tells Meren that he will allow Meren's daughter, Isis, to marry him, instead of Meren giving him permission. He acts like it is a privilege for Isis. It is disrespectful to Meren and not appropriate behavior for someone of his class (121). Jboyce

Chapter 9- "Benjamin Shou"

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

15. What was Sokar 's reaction to Meren's treatment of Min? Why did he react that way?

As Sokar was being forced away from the scene by a charioteer, Sokar sees Lord Meren kneeling alongside Min, whispering something into his ear. Min is surprised by this, since he is usually being bossed around by his master, Sokar: this was the first time a noble had treated min with respect. In the last words of Meren's sentence, Min looks up abruptly, with a smile on his face. Sokar heard his name being said, and he fears that Meren might take his (Sokar's) power away from him. He acts this way mainly because he is worried about himself, along with jealousy of Min. This idea is especially true because minutes before, Sokar had rudely demanded that the two figures in the dark (charioteer and Meren) show and identify themselves (128-130).

Why is Meren upset with Rahotep?

Lord Meren is angry at Rahotep because he finds out that he is trying to put himself into the Pharaoh's 'noble circle,' helping himself gain power among the nobles in Egypt; he is doing all of this when really Rahotep shouldn't not be a person in charge or have a large amount of power. He does this by working with complications between the Pharaoh and his wife, disrupting the Pharaoh's personal life, and possibly changing the fate and balance of Egypt (139-140).

~Benjamin Shou

Chapter 9- Joe Faraguna

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

15. What was Sokar 's reaction to Meren's treatment of Min? Why did he react that way?

As Sokar was being led away, he glanced back to see Min grinning after Meren said something to him. While he did not react physically, he understood that it was the beginning of his downfall. For some reason, Meren was treating Min better than him, which meant he could loose his joband this made him frightened. This was further proven when Meren bent down to talk to Min eye to eye, as if with an equal. He reacted this way because he was frightened of the future, and because he was probably angry at Min. (130).

16. Why is Meren upset with Rahotep?

Meren was upset with Rahotep because he had served as a peacemaker between Tutankhamun and his wife. By doing this, he was attempting to gain more power and interfere with the life of the pharaoh and his wife, which in turn would affect all of Egypt (139). "You? You have served as a peacemaker. Her majesty tried to replace pharaoh with a Hittite prince, you fool" (139). He then becomes mad, saying "[your] overweening pride has caused you to take liberties with pharaoh and insert yourself into the intimacies of the divine upon which the kingdom depends" (140).

Jfaraguna

15. What was Sokar's reaction to Meren's treatment of Min? Why did he react that way?

Sokar, after he had been dragged away from Min and Lord Meren, saw Lord Meren bend town in the dirt and speak to Min. He is amazed that Lord Meren, infinitely more powerful than the lowly watchguard, would bend down on one knee and speek with Min eye to eye, as an equal. Furthermore, after the Eyes of the Pharaoh finished speaking, Min's head snapped up and his mouth rounded into an exlamation. Sokar sees Min direct a astonished and amused look towards him, and is confused. As Min began to grin, Sokar starts to fear for his own position, as he understands what they were plotting, his ruin. Coupled with the fact that he was dragged away and physically abused by Lord Meren's company, and he spoke rudely to Lord Meren when Meren was in the dark, Sokar is genuinely worried for himself (130). mhuang

16. Why is Meren upset with Rahotep?

First, Meren immediately becomes suspicious of an internal plot when Rahotep says he will ruin everything. Meren is upset because Rahotep started a reconciliation process between the pharaoh and his wife. Meren is also worried for the pharaoh as now his wife is closer inside the pharaoh's circle. The pharaoh's wife had already proven herself as dangerous and calculating by trying to replace the pharaoh with a Hittite, and now Rahotep has given the queen the pharaoh's trust again. Meren beleives that the queen still seeks to replace the pharaoh as she had always condemned the pharaoh for going back to the old gods and destroying her father's grand plan. Then he really gets angry as Rahotep tells him he gave the king advice to try to insert himself into the noble circle, as he puts the whole kingdom out of balance in the process by intervening in the pharaoh's private life (140). mhuang

Michael Huang

Chapter 10

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

17. How does the pharaoh respond to the news of the killing of the Hittite emissary?

When Meren, the eyes and ears of the Pharaoh and one of his trusted advisors, reports the grisly murder of the Hittite emissary, young Tutankhamen becomes terrified. Meren watches as “the transformation of pharaoh into a frightened youth” (p148). The scariest aspect of the body is that the heart was hacked out. The pharaoh knows that such a death will cause Suppilumliumas, king of the Hittites, to declare war on Egypt. The pharaoh does not have the battle experience of a raid, let alone a full battle against as strong a military power as the Hittites.

What is his role in the solution?

Tutankhamen strives to solve the solution by calling in magician priests from the temples of Ptah, Sekhmet, and Isis. This magician priests will be called to perform divinations to find the killer or his lair. The pharaoh also makes sure that Meren will continue searching for the killer. (p150) N.G.

17. How does the pharaoh respond to the news of the killing of the Hittite emissary?

Then the pharaoh discovers the murder of the Hittite emissary he becomes very scared because he is not ready for war. If the killer of the emissary is not found then the Hittites would go to war. Plus the fact that the heart was cut out of the body means that he is not able to go into the afterlife, which raises the possibility of war. (148) What is his role in the solution?

What is his role in the solution?

As a result the pharaoh uses the priests to see if the killer is a god and reinforces guards to see if the killer is of human nature. (150) GW

17. How does the pharaoh respond to the news of the killing of the Hittite emissary?

When the pharaoh hears of the murder of the Hittite emissary, he is worried and anxious. He is scared of the war with the Hittites if the killer is not found. He is not ready for war since Meren had never trained him in the ways of battle. He also worries that the reason for the killings is because the gods are angry with him and are punishing him.

"No heart? Someone hacked out...How can I go to war?"(148) Renée R

• What is his role in the solution?

The pharaoh wants to use priests to fight the evil murderer. The pharaoh hopes that the killer is human and is not an malicious entity. He reenforces the guards down at the docks to stop any human enemy, and uses priests to fight any spiritual enemy.

"Then we must fight the dark magic...Ptah, Sekhmet, and Isis."(150) Renée R

Chapter 11

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

18, How does Meren describe Pharoah's role in handling the "Devourer of Souls"?

Meren describes the Pharoah's role in handling the beast is to perform rituals to please the gods and to bring the Devouress back to where she belongs, the underworld. This is possible because the Pharoah is seen as a living god by the egyptians so he has the power to comunicate with the gods. (163) Olivia Havel

Because the Eater of Souls is a god, Maron says that only the pharaoh will be able to stop the Devouress. The pharaoh is also a god, so he is the only one able to ask the other gods to take the Devouress back to the afterlife. The Egyptians revered their pharaoh as a living god, and only a god can communicate with the other gods to halt the actions of the Devouress Meren describes the pharaoh as the "intermediary between his people and the gods" and the only one with power to intercede(163). Claire Gorman

Chapter 12

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

19. Describe the city of the dead. What is it? The city of the dead was a giant burial site outside of Memphis. Djoser's pyramid, among others, was situated there, along with many cemeteries, graves, and chapels. This site was plagued with grave robbers even at the time of its use. (page 178-179) - Sarah Bland

The city of the dead is what the the ancient Egyptians called a large necropolis. The Egyptians call it el'arafa or cemetery. The burial site was home to a variety of social classes. Ancient Egyptians avoided the area, especially after dark, for religious as well as superstitious reasons. It is common for bodies to be missing, but to grave theft dating back a few thousand years. (Eater of Souls p. 178-179) -Sarah Wanguri

The city of the dead is an ancient burial site that has been around since Memphis and it was founded by the first king of the city. It was the cemetery of many dead pharaohs and other nobility who were buried in great pyramids. The city was full of tomb robbers who stole the riches from the nobility's tombs. ("Eater of Souls" page 178-179)

For more information on City of the Dead [2]

-Francesca Farris

20. Define Maat completely. Ma'at is the divine order of existence established at the beginning of time. It centers around balance throughout the universe and everyday life and guards against chaos and evil. Ma'at is personified in a goddess who gives the pharaoh the power to rule and preserve Ma'at. (page 191) - Sarah Bland

Ma'at is the belief of the ancient Egyptians that there is an established order and balance throughout the universe. Ma'at was the "single most important aspect of Egyptian culture." IT was the philosophy of fairness, judicial principle, and ethics, which the ancient Egyptians believed were the building blocks of order in the universe, truth, and peace. Ma'at is as a woman, a goddess, sporting an ostrich feather on her head, symbolizing the concepts she represents. (Manual p. 92) -Sarah Wanguri

Ma'at is the divine order of existence that has a very important role in Egyptian society. She is represented as a goddess who governs the seasons, the stars, relationships between mortals and gods, and rightness and justice. The Egyptians believed that the pharaoh ruled through the authority of the goddess Ma'at. ("Eater of Souls" pg. 191)

-Francesca Farris

Chapter 13

For the questions, give the page number and the sentence

21. Give a description of the physical environment.

"The west wind howled through the desert escarpments, soared through steep valleys created by the stylized mountain ranges that were the pyramids and cemeteries of Memphis" (201). This sentence indicates that much of Egypt's physical environment is man-made because of funeral monuments. However, Meren's garden also depicts the lush Nile valley with water, plants, and animals. The description of Meren's garden includes, "tree-shrouded pavilion, the small orchard... smaller pools with their lotus and papyrus thickets, ducks, egrets, and geese" (201).

22. Give an example of class distinctions.

"He [Zar] acquired a look like a bilious toad and said things like, 'Great lords do not toss balls like naked children' and 'One so noble of lineage cannot sustain his dignity while chasing after toys as the baboon chases cats'" (201-202). Meren's servant warns him that juggling would be scorned by the upper class because it is viewed only as a way for lower class people to make money and entertain, not for a nobleman to do in his free time. Also, the class distinctions are illustrated by the fact that Meren has several servants, including a scribe, body servant, and porter. The body servant assists him with putting on his jewelry and wig, both of which distinguish him from lower class people.

-Matthew Neal

Chapter 14

23. Describe the protection ceremony. The protection ceremony is preformed by the Pharaoh to banish all evil from the city and to protect the Egyptian people. The height priests of several gods were summoned to help the ritual. To get the most help from the gods, the Pharaoh wears white linen clothing, the color of ritual purity and sanctity. He wears gold-and-silver head cloth, necklaces, bracelets, belt and ureaus diadem. The flesh of the gods is gold, meaning the imperishable eternity and the sun. The bones of the gods are silver, representing the color of the moon. The pharaoh recites incantations before a statue of Eater of Souls. Next, the pharaoh takes a cord and ties several knots in it while a high priest recites spells. The knots provide a barrier across which the demon could not pass. The protectee ties the ropes around the closed door of the chest and holds the two ends together as the pharaoh applies the clay seal. Next, the pharaoh presses the bezel of the royal seal ring into the clay. The pharaoh comes close, takes the cord in hand and begins knotting it, chanting protective spells. Another aspect of the protection ceremony is when a priest prepares a blend of incense for the protectee to inhale. Lindsey McKone

Answer by John Sholeen The protection ceremony is a ritual performed by the pharoah to protect against a demon or to protect a certain person. The ritual is started with dancing. While these things are happening, the Pharoah is performing magic in the form of a chant. He does this with the help of high priests of different gods. The dancers cnsist of very highly ranked women. The Pharoah must appeal to the gods to lend him the power to bind the eater of souls. He signifies this power with gold cord that signifies the eternity of the sun. He ties it in knots around a statue of the eater of souls. This is designed to hold back the demon. An extra piece of cord is given to Meren as personal protection from the Pharoah. Because of this he gains many enemies.

Chapter 15

24. Give examples of class distinctions.

Zulaya's steward gives Tentamun food, shelter, clothing, and other necessities. Zulaya is wealthy and can afford to give Tentamun these items. Also, a guard is always watching Tentamun, showing Zulaya's wealth. (P232)

Two men died and because they did not have family in the city they were to be buried in the cemetery reserved for the poor. There would be no funerary priests. This was the fate of the poor and unknown. (P239)

Abu waited for Kysen with a chariot and squad of men. Abu is obviously a wealthy and important man. (P240)

Kysen stated he thinks that Teha would have told us where he was to protect himself. Kysen is in the upper class, important, and wealthy. (P241) Jennifer Trieschman

"For hours Tentamun watched the ship, a craft built only for leisure, and the richly dressed occupants who seemed to have nothing to do but sit beneath multicolored awnings and sip cool drinks while slaves fanned them. Then he looked down at his own loincloth with its patched tears and soiled spots that no scrubbing could remove. (233)"

"His fingers spread over the gleaming cedar. Each of them was encircled with a ring. The rings all consisted of a tinted red-gold hoop threaded through an engraved bezel of lapis lazuli,malachite, and amethyst. (237)"

" A master did not allow an underling to sit in his presence, especially not on a stool.(256)"

Isabelle Draper

Chapter 16

25. Find another example of the role of pharaoh.

Chapter 17

26. Find at least two examples of the complex way in which Egyptians viewed the relationship of spiritual and material.

Chapter 18

27. Find another example of the role of pharaoh