Difference between revisions of "History 8 Archaeology Concepts"
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'''Concepts''' | '''Concepts''' | ||
| − | *'''What is | + | *'''What is geographic imagination and why is it important?''' |
| − | is the way we view the rest of the world based on our culture, religion, and place of living. | + | Geographic imagination is the way we view the rest of the world based on our culture, religion, and place of living. |
| − | It is important because it helps us understand the views, beliefs, and cultures of different ares. [http://jgieseking.org/blog/] | + | It is important because it helps us understand the views, beliefs, and cultures of different ares. [http://jgieseking.org/blog/] |
'''Explain the four essential rules for an explanation to be considered scientific'''. | '''Explain the four essential rules for an explanation to be considered scientific'''. | ||
Revision as of 19:34, 24 August 2011
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Concepts
- What is geographic imagination and why is it important?
Geographic imagination is the way we view the rest of the world based on our culture, religion, and place of living. It is important because it helps us understand the views, beliefs, and cultures of different ares. [1]
Explain the four essential rules for an explanation to be considered scientific.
- Maximum Observations with Minimum Assumptions
- Compatible with Well-Established Body of Knowledge
- Tested
- Cannot explain all related observations
Read More: Criteria For Judging Interpretations
- Why can there be exceptions to the essential rules? Explain.
- These are some of the reasons (but are not limited to) why the essential rules can have certain exceptions:
- Observations can be changed by many other things, so the outcome could also change.
- It is possible to make errors in measurement,human or mechanical, that can affect the outcome.
- An example of this would be :
An archeologist is in a hurry to measure all of the artifacts that his team has found so he starts to round the answers, unfortunately he miscalculates one measurement and so that artifact is considered from another time period or completely disregarded
- People may disagree about the outcome as well and their expectations and points of view can effect the outcome.
- An example of this would be:
An old bone is found in an earthquake-prone area. The strata layers are also mixed. When one archeologist looks at the bone, he thinks that it is about 600,000 years old while when another archeologist looks at it, he thinks that the bone is 1,000,000 years old.
- Know the funnel of certainty and be able to explain it.
- Give and define the characteristics of a good theory
- Good theories are simple, powerful, and predictable.
- Define catastrophism
- ID James Hutton
James Hutton (1726-1797) was a Scottish farmer who is known for his work on the theory of uniformitarianism.
- ID Charles Lyell
- Define, explain and give an example of each.
- Uniformitariansim-
- Superposition
The order of which layers of sediments are deposited above one another. The law of superposition is that the order of sediments is directly related to how old the sediment is. The bottom layer is the oldest, and the top layer would be the youngest. An example would be if you made a PB&J sandwich the slice of bread you placed on top would also be the most recent, therefore youngest, ingredient in the sandwich.
Developed in 1816 by Christian Thomsen, the Three Age Theory grouped artifacts of stone together, artifacts of bronze together, and artifacts of iron together.
- Plutarch: Great Men and their Character
- Toynbee: Challenge and Response
- Malthus Theory of Population
- Darwin: Survival of the Fittest
- Marx: Material Dialectic
- Turner: Geography and the Frontier
- *Radicals: History is the Story of Who Won
- Boorstin: The Unexpected
- Cultural Relativism
- Why is history considered to be an interpretation of facts and events?
