History 8 Human Origins Concepts
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Concepts:
1. Reasons for rise of Australopithecines.
The australopithecines lived around 5-6 million years age and disappeared in one million BC. The following reasons describe the rise of the australopithecines:
-Six million years ago, the jungles in Africa became to dried out and the forests shrunk. This caused both a crisis in food and habitat availability. Some primates were forced out onto the now open grassland. A large number of theses primates did not survive, however the ones who did devised and gained new techniques for survival.
-As life in the savannah moved on, the australopithecines became equipped with natural defenses. They used their hands to hurl stones and sticks. Throughout the years, the australopithecines gained a substantial skeletal, which helped improve their stance. The also acquired an opposable thumb grip, which made it easier to grasph and throw things.
-The hip joints were modified, causing the legs to align with the backbone. The knees grew closer together to help bear the total weight of the body. The feet became more arched and the ankles became stronger. The big toe became more aligned with the other toes, allowing the feet to take the full weight of the body.
link on more background information about the australopithecines: http://www.stanford.edu/~harryg/protected/chp18.htm CF:Pages 20-21 -Grace Amandes
2. Advantages and disadvantages of bipedalism.
3. Australopithecus :lifestyle of Australopithecus.
4. Reasons for extinction of Australopithecus.
5. Characteristics of H. Habilis
6. Effects of Meat in diet
7. Sweating
8. Factors in Brain growth
9. Problems with large brain/solution
10. Characteristics of H. ergaster
11. differences with H. erectus
12. Climate and its effects
13. Glacial periods
14. Fire
15. Social development
16. H. heidelbergensis
17. Characteristics of Neandertal
- 18. Tools
- 19. Cultural life
- 20. Mental development
21. Characteristics of H. sapiens
- 22. technology
- 23. blade and burin society
- 24. weapons
- 25. social organization
- 26. dispersed leadership
- 27. cooperation and its effects
- 28. communication/art
- 29. other advances
30. Explain both the multiregional and diffusionism/ Out of Africa hypotheses
31. H. sapiens is the only hominid left. Why?
32. H. sapiens were able to settle in such diverse habitats. Give reasons and rationale.
33. Id The Aurignacians
34. ID Gravettians
35. ID Magdalenians
36. ID Natufians
