Difference between revisions of "History 8 Near East Vocabulary"

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1. ID Canaan Canaan is the biblical name for the area of ancient Palestine east of the Jordan River. The people that lived in the Levant were the Canaanites. They were a Hebrew people. The Canaanites were driven out of the Levant by the Philistines. The nomads that lived in Canaan were called Canaanites, they were driven out of their home because the Philistines came back after abandoning their old homeland.

Augie Avery

2. ID Sea Peoples

The sea people were a group of people that appeared in the Mediterranean area in about 1200 BC. They conquered all of the major Mediterranean powers besides Phonecia. It is unknown where the sea people came from, but there are a many theories. Some if these theories included that they may have been refugees from fallen cities like Anatolia or the Aegan. Some people even believe that they were from Atlantis.

Sea Peoples major invasions:

•1208 BC King Merneptah of Egypt stopped the Sea Peoples and Libyans at the Nile Delta.

•1180 BC Hitties Empire fell

•1180 BC-1176 BC Levant Empire fell except for the Phonecian cities

•1176 BC Stopped by King Ramses III of Egypt

(sources:notes from class 1/8/13, http://www.phoenician.org/sea_peoples.htm)

-Emma Boehme

3. ID Philistines

4. ID Abraham' Abraham is known as the first patriarch of the Jewish religion. Born in Ur, Abraham had always believed in one God. He soon became a prophet of Yahweh, a regional God. Yahweh told Abraham to do many things, such as moving his family, giving Abraham and Sarah (his wife) a son, changing his name from Abram to Abraham, and then making him sacrifice his son. Abraham was always obedient to Yahweh, so when he was asked to sacrifice his son, it was just a test of his faith in God. For this reason, Abraham was humanity's last chance to have an obedient relationship with God, according to the Bible. Overall, the story of Abraham is about faithfulness and obedience to God.

Ellie Davidson

Sources: Abraham, Manual pg. 107, Judaism: Abraham

Pictures: 1 and 2,

5. ID Yehweh

6. Patriarch

link to new page: http://wiki.sjs.org/wiki/index.php/Patriarch

-Julia Giordano

7. covenant

8. monotheism

Monotheism is the belief that there is only one god (Dictionary.com). Monotheistic religions include Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, and total over 3 billion worshippers. Monotheism started to develop after the fall of Jerusalem. Early Israelites worshipped Yahweh, as well as Ashura, Yahweh's wife, among other gods. When the King of Judah, Josiah, felt threatened by the Assyrians and Egyptians, he united his people under monotheism. To do this, he "found" a book written by Moses, Deuteronomy, which specifically banned worship of Ashura and promoted monotheism. The people united, but monotheism did not yet spread.

Class Video (January 11), Kingdom of David

External Sources: [1] [2]

Futher Exploration: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [3]

Pictures: Monotheism Comic: [[4]] King Josiah: [[5]]

John Kennedy

9. Iron Age

10 ID King Saul

King Saul was a magnificent, but troubled king. One of his first acts of greatness was when he united the people through the profit Samuel. God commanded Saul to obliterate the Philistines, but King Saul refused to do so. Saul went in to Philistine and conquered, but he did not destroy everyone. He took the men as slaves and left the weak ones behind so they could try and rebuild their city. The reason the Assyrians were so powerful was because they destroyed all of their enemies so that they would never have to deal with them again, but Saul did not think that was necessary. Saul sinned against God by not following his orders. Samuel, a profit, was sent by God to find a new king. On his journey he found David, who, at the time, was a shepherd. (Shepherds were the lowest on the social ladder at that time.) When David first came to Israel he played the harp to soothe Saul. Through this, David and Saul became very close, and David was like a son to Saul. David killed Goliath and he became extremely popular with the Israelites. Saul became extremely jealous of David’s fame and attempted to kill David multiple times. He feared that David would take the place of one of his sons for the next king. Those are some reasons why Saul is remembered today. Abigail Moorhead Kingdom of David Video 11. ID King David

The Bible states that the first king of Israel, Saul, died during battle with his greatest enemy, the Philistines. The next king, David, defeats the Philistines unites the two separate states of Judah and Israel with the common goal being to rule over all Israelites. David had the ability to extend the size of the kingdom due to the grand army that he commanded. David's son, Solomon, was given the chance to rule over his united and wealthy kingdom. David is well known for his skills as a warrior and for his love of writing Psalms. As a young boy, he was blessed by the Lord through Samuel and sent to play his harp and soothe the trouble nerves of King Saul. His first great deed was to kill the "Nine Foot Tall" Philistine Goliath. He ruled for about 40 years (1010-970) BCE and paved the way for his son King Solomon to build the Holy Temple.

Information is from CF Manual pages 103-110

Information is also from the website [6]

Awesome Picture From: http://thetestofthecross.wordpress.com/2012/04/17/tempted-but-not-taken/david-and-goliath/

Julian Chazz Nicholas Peavy

'12. ID King Solomon'

13. ID Kingdom of Israel

Most of the information about the Kingdom of Israel is from the Old Testament, written during King Solomon's reign.Before that, the only history of the Hebrews was what they wrote about themselves, Genesis 12-50. The Hebrews began as pastoral tribes moving through Mesopotamia. Around 1950 BC, Abraham migrated because the region was collapsing. Abraham stopped at Shechem and was visited by Yahweh , who told him all the land would be given to him and his descendants. The base of the Hebrew history was contained in these patriarchal stories. King Saul was appointed in 1020 -1000 BC, but was unpopular by turning him against the heirarchy. In the Iron Age II, nation states rose in the Southern Levant area, under King David and later his son Solomon. Jerusalem became David's both religious and civil capital. Around 930 BCE Israel was divided into Israel in the north and Judah in the South. The northern kingdom of Israel ended around 722 BC, with its capture of Samaria.

Sources: Cultural Foundations Manual pgs. 107-109

[7] http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~rauhn/israeltext.htm

Arisa Sadeghpour

14. ID Kingdom of Judah

15. Exile

The Exile is a period of Hebrew hisotry lasting from 586BCE - ~538 BCE in which the remaining Hebrew tribes were exiled to Babylon. The king of Judah, which was the remaining southern kingdom of the Hebrews after the northern ten tribes were conquered by Assyria, rebelled against Babylon and its king, Nebuchadnezzar II. The rebellion ended with the Babylonians as victors. Jerusalem and the First Temple were destroyed, and the remaining Hebrews were exiled/taken to Babylon. It was in this period that the first form of the Bible wasa written, in order to preserve their history and understand why they were in Exile. The Exile ended when Cyrus the Great conquered Babylonia and sent all of the captives home with money to rebuild.

Sources: Cultural Foundations Manual page 102 Encyclopedia Brittanica: [8] Jewish Virtual Library: [9]

Austin Schultz

16. Id effects of Babylonian Captivity

Babylonian captivity refers to the Babylonian exile of Jews in the Kingdom of Judah to captivity in Babylon. The effects that the Babylonian captivity had on the Jews was heavily recognized in political stance. When exiled, the rulers of Judah and its people were forced to end political independence as well as the state of being in an Iron Age. Since place, royalty, and deity are all factors in Judaism, when the exile occurred, the Jews had to rebuild their temples and places of worship.

[[10]]

Jaelynn Walls 1/8/13

17. Anatolia

18. Decalogue

The Decalogue is a piece of literature of the Old Testament, which was given by God Himself, through Moses, to the people of Israel, and was destined to shape the morals of society. The Decalogue, also known as the Ten Commandments, constitutes the ethical code by which the human race is guided: to believe in the true God, and to sustain the godly society in the attainment and application of God's will on earth. The Decalogue comes from the Hebrew Bible. These commandments are recorded in two different biblical chapters, Exodus 20:1-17 & Deuteronomy 5:6-21, however each text is slightly different, and neither passage explicitly numbers the commandments one through ten. There are actually more than ten imperative verbs, around fifteen, in each of these texts. Several other biblical passages refer to the ten words or ten statements that God gave to Moses. Many Christians believe that the Decalogue forms the core of God's Law. However, these are not the only commandments contained in the Hebrew Bible. The Torah contains a total of 613 commandments, mitzvot. In Jewish understanding, all 613 mitzvot are equally important, so the Decalogue is not really considered the core.

Sophie Worscheh

Sources: http://catholic-resources.org/Bible/Decalogue.htm http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith7115

19. prophet

20. Torah

21. biblia

22. Id Ezekiel

23. ID Byblos

Byblos is a Phoenician city that is located on the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in present day Lebanon. Historians believe that Byblos was the first main city of the Phoenician empire. This ancient city was at its peak at about 3000 BC, when it was a trading port. Materials would travel by ship to and from this center of trade by the Mediterranean. The main export of Byblos was fuel, mostly wood and oil because these were readily available in this area of the Middle East. Byblos would trade these items and many more for things such as gold, papyrus, linen, and alabaster. Byblos remained an important trading city until about 1000 BC. Byblos' biggest contribution was the creation of the first alphabet. This helped people from different countries communicate more easily. Traders used this a lot to keep records. This alphabet was improved by the Greeks. Byblos is a very important city in the history of the Near East.

Sources: CF Manual page 112

For more information, click on the link on Byblos.

Cam Cook

24. ID Sidon

25. ID Tyre