Difference between revisions of "Rise and Fall of Indus Civilization"

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Back to [[History 8 India Manual questions]]
 
Back to [[History 8 India Manual questions]]
  
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Environment has had an impact on all civilizations throughout history, specifically, India has been impacted by droughts, monsoons, and storms.  The most popular environmental impact in India is monsoons.  The people in India find the monsoons to be a gift from the gods, telling them that water will come again and the crops will be harvested.  A less popular climate change is the droughts, the droughts make the crops impossible to grow.
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'''The Rise'''
  
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Augie Avery
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"The story of Indus valley civilization, also known as Harappa civilization, is a story of a people intricately tied to their environment. The geography of India is one of great extremes, encompassing desert, mountains, forest, and jungle". The Indus valley is an area that contains unpredictable periods of floods, drought, and monsoons. Even though they Indus valley civilization lived in one of the harshest climates in the world they have some great military advantages. "The Himalayas provided a great deal of protection from nomadic and military invasions from the north, and other mountain ranges provided similar protection in the west and east. The waterways of the Indus valley provided an excellent resource for trade and commerce throughout India's history, and were vital to the civilizations throughout the Indus". The people in the Indus valley lived simple farmers lives but archaeologist have found huge pots for boiling wheat and other grains. So maybe they was a higher authority than them, that controlled the food and made sure it was equally provided. This authority may also have controlled there internal trade and international trade. "Traded goods included turquoise, copper, and cotton from as far away as Arabia". The commoners were able to have a harvest twice a year because of natural disasters like earthquakes and monsoons that can shake the soil up replenishing the old soil with the new. "... valley civilizations were dependent upon the lush alluvial soil of the Indus River, which produced high yields of cereal grains and cultivated plant materials". These factors all attributed to the rise of of the Indus valley Civilization.
  
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'''CORRECTIONS'''
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CF Manual (126)
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Video Notes
  
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Environmental change has had a major impact on both the rise and the fall of the Indus civilization. It all started with plate tectonics. When the Indian plate crashed into the Eurasian plate and began subducting, the Himalayas rose. This, in turn, provided water sources in the forms of monsoons, glacier runoffs, and the redirection of rivers. The environment also kept the Indus civilization going strong for many years by providing alluvial soil (sometimes two harvests per year!) and protection from enemies. The Indus people were protected by the Himalayas from the north, the Indian Ocean and other bodies of water to the south, and various other mountain ranges to the east and west. In fact, the only easy route into modern-day India is through the roads in the Khyber Pass. However, the environment also caused the fall of the Indus civilization in multiple ways. For example, Old Kingdom Egypt, Sumer, and the Indus civilization were all near the same latitude, which means they have similar climate conditions. Therefore, all three civilizations we going through a huge drought. Trade stopped, so the civilizations' economies collapsed. In addition, in the Indus area, massive tectonic events were occurring. These events cut off the source from the Saraswati River, causing it to dry up, and also changed the path of the Indus River. When this happened, the Indus civilization, dependent on the now-absent rivers and monsoons for water, had to adapt, move, or die. Some evidence shows that they moved to the Ganges River area. In these ways, environment and climate affected the rise and fall of the Indus civilization.
 
  
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http://www.rivervalleycivilizations.com/images/c_indus_map.jpg
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'''The Fall'''
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"Various factors contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro. Today the Indus flows to the east of the site and the Saraswati riverbed is dry. The drying up of one river and the shifting of the Indus across the site were undoubtedly major factors contributing to the decline of the ancient city.  On the one hand, changes in the river flow patterns and correspondent widespread flooding would have disrupted the agricultural base, but did not destroy the city directly". The farmers used the Saraswati rivers for thousands of years harvesting its power. But the river became smaller and monsoons came less frequently. Soon the river was just dirt, the once mighty river reduced to dried up dirt. Soon newcomers arrived bringing ideas and valuable goods so the Indus civilization assimilated with them and never made the huge impact they had before.
  
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This is a map of the area around the Indus Civilization.
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CF Manual (129)
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Sources: India video notes and manual pages 148-151. The picture came from [http://www.rivervalleycivilizations.com/indus.php]
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-Courtney Jacobs
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Latest revision as of 14:14, 13 April 2014

Back to History 8 India Manual questions

The Rise

"The story of Indus valley civilization, also known as Harappa civilization, is a story of a people intricately tied to their environment. The geography of India is one of great extremes, encompassing desert, mountains, forest, and jungle". The Indus valley is an area that contains unpredictable periods of floods, drought, and monsoons. Even though they Indus valley civilization lived in one of the harshest climates in the world they have some great military advantages. "The Himalayas provided a great deal of protection from nomadic and military invasions from the north, and other mountain ranges provided similar protection in the west and east. The waterways of the Indus valley provided an excellent resource for trade and commerce throughout India's history, and were vital to the civilizations throughout the Indus". The people in the Indus valley lived simple farmers lives but archaeologist have found huge pots for boiling wheat and other grains. So maybe they was a higher authority than them, that controlled the food and made sure it was equally provided. This authority may also have controlled there internal trade and international trade. "Traded goods included turquoise, copper, and cotton from as far away as Arabia". The commoners were able to have a harvest twice a year because of natural disasters like earthquakes and monsoons that can shake the soil up replenishing the old soil with the new. "... valley civilizations were dependent upon the lush alluvial soil of the Indus River, which produced high yields of cereal grains and cultivated plant materials". These factors all attributed to the rise of of the Indus valley Civilization.

CF Manual (126) Video Notes


The Fall "Various factors contributed to the decline of Mohenjo-Daro. Today the Indus flows to the east of the site and the Saraswati riverbed is dry. The drying up of one river and the shifting of the Indus across the site were undoubtedly major factors contributing to the decline of the ancient city. On the one hand, changes in the river flow patterns and correspondent widespread flooding would have disrupted the agricultural base, but did not destroy the city directly". The farmers used the Saraswati rivers for thousands of years harvesting its power. But the river became smaller and monsoons came less frequently. Soon the river was just dirt, the once mighty river reduced to dried up dirt. Soon newcomers arrived bringing ideas and valuable goods so the Indus civilization assimilated with them and never made the huge impact they had before.

CF Manual (129)

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