16. Explain the last two rules for judging information objectively.

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The third rule for judging information objectively is that your interpretation must be tested before it can become useful and certain. For example, when a doctor wishes to try out a new interpretation of information, they already know how things work and what do do when something goes wrong. This way, they can test new interpretations and eventually find other ways of procedure. The fourth rule is that no interpretations can explain all the observations that are relevant to it. The final rule is the only one of the four that is without exception. An example of this may be that the law of gravity does not keep birds from flying in the air or water from evaporating.

Sources:

Page 5 of Ancient Origins

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/science-theory-observation/

Photo from: http://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/0_0_0/sciencetoolkit_05