Earth Science 7- Australia 3
Earth Science 7-Global Regions Index
Australia Max Westmark and Claire Melcher
Contents
Longitude
133 0' 0" E make this change
Rain
The average annual rainfall in the Australian desert is low, ranging from 200 to 250 mm (8 to 10 in)
Latitude
27 0' 0" S
Natural Disasters
Climatic factors contribute to Australia's high incidence of bushfires, particularly during the summer months. Low relative humidity, wind and lack of rain can cause a small fire.
Though Australia is generally dry and arid, a large portion of the country lives in the tropics. Rainfall in these areas is extremely heavy.
Average Temperature of Antarctica
The average high temperature in Antarctica in January is -18 degrees F, while the average low temperature in January is similar, at about -21 degrees F. The temperature decreases dramatically into February and then March. February's average high temperature is about -41 degrees F and the average low is about -45 degrees F. The average high in March is -65 degrees F and the average low is about -70 degrees F. In Fiji, the temperatures usually stay in the 80's and in Australia they sometimes reach the 90's.
Sentences About Climate
Climate is the average weather of an area over a period of time. Australia, Antarctica, and Fiji all have similar factors that affect their climate. These factors include ice and snow cover, prevailing winds, solar radiation, latitude, elevation, air mass influences, and vegetation. One of the biggest influences on these climates is the location, they are all bordered by oceans that keep their temperatures low. However, Figi and Australia are a bit warmer than Antarctica. While Antarctica biome is a tundra,Fiis' biome is in the tropical rain forest biome. In Antarctica, most precipitation in coastal areas falls as snow, and because Antarctica gets snow not rain, it can be classified as a desert because it receives mainly snow, not rain.
Countries in Oceania
Australia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Micronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
Palau
Papua New Guinea
Samoa
Solomon Islands
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Bordering Oceans
Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean.
Ocean Currents
Australia Has the longest current in the world, The Leeuwin Current. This current also has a big influence on marine life and weather in Weastern Australlia. The 4 main currents in Australlia play a huge part in its marine environmental conditions and climate. The 4 big currents in Australia are The Leeuwin Current, The Antarctic Circumpolar Current, The Indonesian Throughflow, and The East Australian Current. (http://www.csiro.au/Outcomes/Climate/Understanding/AustralasianOceanCurrents.aspx)
Volcanoes
Australia is the only continent without any active volcanoes. However, Australia is famous for one of its not-active volcanoes named the Tweed Volcano. The Tweed Volcano has not had an eruption for about 20 million years. It is a shield volcano and is a caldera containing a peak in the middle of it named Mount Warning. [1]
List of Volcanoes in Australia
Queensland Name Elevation Location Last eruption meters feet Coordinates Atherton Volcano — — 17.5°S 144.5°E Less than 100,000 years ago Lake Barrine 730 — 17.2°S 145.4°E 12,000 years ago Bauhinia Volcano — — 24.8°S 149.5°E 23–25 million years ago Brisbane Volcano — — 27.7°S 152.6°E 16–62 million years ago Buckland — — — — Bundaberg Volcano — — — — Bunya Mountains — — 26.9°S 151.8°E 23 million years ago Chudleigh Volcano — — 10.5°S 144.2°E 250,000 years ago Lake Eacham — — 17.2°S 145.6°E 12,000 years ago Mount Fox — — 18.50°S 145.47°E Mount Hay — — — — Hillsborough Volcano — — 21.0°S 149.0°E 33.2 million years ago The Hummock — — — — The Crater (Mount Hypipamee) 1,000 — 17.2°S 145.2°E Kinrara Volcano — — 18.3°S 144.6°E 20,000 years ago Main Range Volcano — — 27.9°S 152.4°E 23–27 million years ago Mount Le Brun — — 25°35′52″S 151°54′32″E Over 600,000 years ago Mount McBride 911 — 18.3°S 144.6°E 1.7 million years ago McLean Volcano — — 15.8°S 144.8°E Less than 1 million years ago Mingela — — — — Mitchell Volcano — — 26.0°S 148.2°E 21–24 million years ago Monto — — — — Nebo Volcano — — 21.4°S 148.2°E 28–35 million years ago Nulla Volcano — — 19.7°S 145.3°E 13,000 years ago Piebald Volcano 417 — 15.1°S 145.1°E Less than 3 million years ago Rockhampton Volcano — — 23.3°S 150.4°E 67–71 million years ago Springsure 600 — 24.0°S 148.1°E 24–33 million years ago Sturgeon Volcano — — 20.3°S 144.2°E 92,000 years ago Toomba — — 19.5°S 145.0°E Undara Crater 1,020 3,345 18.25°S 144.75°E Wallaroo Volcano — — 18.0°S 145.4°E Less than 5 million years ago Focal Peak — — — — Mount Barney 1,359 4,958 28.17°S 152.42°E Campbells Folly — — — — Mount Gilles — — — — Mount Glennie — — — — Levers Plateau — — — — Mount Lindesay — — — — Glass House Mountains — — — — Mount Beerburrum 276 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Beerwah 556 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Coochin 235 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Cooee — — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Coonowrin 377 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Elimbah 129 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Horogargan — — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Miketeebumulgrai 199 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Ngungun 253 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Round Mountain — — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Tibberoowuccum 220 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Tibrogargan 364 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Mount Tunbubudla 312 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Undara [1] 40 — 18.2°S 144.7°E 3 million years ago Wild Horse Mountain 123 — 26.7°S 152.9°E 26–27 million years ago Peak Range — — — — Anvil Peak — — 22.8°S 148.0°E 27–35 million years ago Browns Peak 807 — 22.8°S 148.0°E 27–35 million years ago Table Mountain — — 22.8°S 148.0°E 27–35 million years ago Murray Island 200 656 10.0°S 144.0°E 1 million years ago
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Australia)
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Tectonic Plates
Australia
Altjawarra Craton Central Craton Curnamona Craton Gawler Craton Narooma Terrane Pilbara Craton Yilgarn Craton Western Australian Shield
New Zealand
Zealandia Moa Plate Lord Howe Rise
Links
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/australia.html (The image http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Australia
Reference
Wikipedia (Australia page) Cia World Factbook of climate
Elevation
Highest Point Mt Kosciusko, 7,310 ft Lowest Point Lake Eyre, 52 ft below sea level
Major Bodies of Water
Lake Eyere,Lake Torrens,Lake Gairdner, Murray River, Ross Sea, and the Murray Darling Basin
Topographic Features
Jave Sea. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ausgeolbasic.jpg (Picture
Types of Rocks
Australia is very amazing because its geology consists of all known rock types from all time periods of Earths history. One amazingly unique thing about Australia is that "Most of the stress state in continental Australia is controlled by compression originating from the three main collision boundaries located in New Zealand, Indonesia and New Guinea, and the Himalaya." ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Australia )
Landmarks
Uluru, formerly known as Ayers Rock, is the world's largest monolith, or single piece of stone, on the planet. The whole continent of Australia is a land of unique natural wonders, but the Great Barrier Reef is the most famous. The Great Barrier Reef is, by far, the worlds largest coral reef system stretching 2,600 kilometers in the Aptly named Coral Sea off the coast of Queensland. The Bungle Bungles are unique, beehive-shaped, sandstone formations located in Purnululu, National Park that was created after the discovery of the structures.
Mineralogy
"Iron ore – Australia was the world's third largest supplier in 2008 after China and Brazil, supplying 342 million metric tonnes Nickel – Australia was the world's second largest producer in 2006 after Russia. Bauxite/aluminum Copper Gold – Australia is the second largest producer after China. Silver Uranium – Australia is responsible for 11% of the world's production and was the world's third largest producer in 2010 after Kazakhstan and Canada. Diamond – Australia has the third largest commercially-viable deposits after Russia and Botswana. Australia also boasts the richest diamantiferous pipe with production reaching peak levels of 42 metric tons (41 LT/46 ST) per year in the 1990s Opal – Australia is the world's largest producer of opal, being responsible for 95% of production. Zinc – Australia was second only to China in zinc production in 2008, producing just under 14% of world production. Coal – Australia is the world's largest exporter of coal and fourth largest producer of coal behind China, USA and India. Oil shale Petroleum – Australia is the twenty-eighth largest producer of petroleum. Natural gas - Australia is world's third largest producer of LNG and forecast to be world leader by 2020. rare earths" -Australia has enough natural gas to full fill the needs of a city w/ 1 million people for 2,800 years - Main article: Coal mining in Australia Coal is mined in every state of Australia as well as the Northern Territory. It is mostly used to generate electricity, and 75 percent of annual coal production is exported, mostly to eastern Asia. Coal provides about 85 percent of Australia's electricity production. In 2007, 428 million short tons of coal was mined in Australia.
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