Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee

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Summary

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was formed originally by four African-American college students. Although originally thought to be formed by just African-Americans, many white college students as well joined the cause. This committee was greatly successful because of the white involvement[1]; SNCC was able to appeal to some whites simply because of the founders expression of religious and moral values. The goal of SNCC was to eradicate Jim Crow separation in the South[2]. Not only did SNCC work with white Americans, it also was able to work along the side of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (one of its great participants was Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.) and had an affiliation with the NAACP (The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)[3]. In 1964 SNCC was responsible for some of the creation of the Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party(Comment: Doina: I am not sure what this means) [4]. Although the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was committed to using nonviolence to make statements regarding civil rights, after the Selma riots militancy within the group became prominent. With the help of Stokely Carmichael and Reverend H. Rap Brown, violence began to substitute the nonviolent sit-ins [5]. Freedom Schools, however, were also brought into the SNCC community as a result to the Freedom Summer in 1965 [6]. (Comment: Doina: Why are you introducing the radical split of SNCC at this point?)

Origin:

The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee was formed at Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina. [7] It was created to stop the Jim Crow segregation laws and to peacefully respond to the inequity of the United States. It took the committee three days to be created. The formal dates are April 16-18, 1960 [8]

Chronology:

SNCC is the organization responsible for the memorable sit-ins in Greensboro, NC.

February 1960-Woolworth's Diner Sit-In [9]; this sit-in was mirrored in many other states in the United States after this. These sit-ins were mirrored even in highly ranked universities such as Vanderbilt. (Comments: Since a mainpoint that you introduced earlier was that SNCC was sucessful why are you only mentioning one event (without details)

May 1961-Freedom Rides; these rides were co-sponsored by the members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE). [10] Blacks and whites together participated in these rides and made an incredible statement peacefully.

Significant People:

Although the original goal of this committee was to make statements about equality peacefully, for some the change was ultimately taking too long. Stokely Carmichael and Reverend H. Rap Brown were responsible for the change from peaceful to militant that SNCC went through. [11] This militancy change in the committee also brought a change in the positions that white supporters obtained. Stokely Carmichael and Rev. H.R. Brown removed the higher positions whites were in and replaced them with blacks. [12] This militancy change was a response to the horrific riots taken place in Selma in 1965. [13]

Outcomes/Long Term Effects on U.S. Culture:

Due to the horrific and outrageous riots and bombings in Birmingham, AL, (COmments: DOina: When did this event take place)the Kennedy administration was forced to take action in protecting the rights of southern blacks. [14] Also, in 1965 the Voting Rights Act was passed and many blacks seemed to be voting at all times of the day. [15] School districts in Mississippi were able to have desegrated schools with modified trouble. [16] However, the graduation rates in Mississippi of blacks continued to be significantly less than those of their white classmates, the percentages of blacks attending predominantly white universities and colleges increased. [17] Because of the Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party, many children in Mississippi are able to have an antiracist education and black led schools, institutions, universities, etc. [18] (Comments: Doina: You only assert that SNCC played a part in this--you do no offer any evidence to support your claim.)

References:

  1. ↑ "Civil Rights and the Churches (1960s)." American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  2. ↑ Wilkins, Fanon Che. "The making of black internationalists: SNCC and Africa before the launching of Black Power, 1960-1965.(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)." The Journal of African American History 92.4 (Fall 2007): 468(24). General OneFile. Gale. ST JOHNS SCHOOL. 2 Sept. 2008 (COMMENTS: RDOINA: You are already assering success without giving enough background. It is important to walk before you begin to run) <http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS>.
  3. ↑ "Civil Rights and the Churches (1960s).(Comment: R. Doina: Did it work with all Whites or did it appeal to only a small select group. What demographic group was drawn to SNCC) " American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  4. ↑ "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  5. ↑ "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  6. ↑ "Freedom Summer." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. 5 vols. Macmillan, 1996. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  7. ↑ Wilkins, Fanon Che. "The making of black internationalists: SNCC and Africa before the launching of Black Power, 1960-1965.(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)." The Journal of African American History 92.4 (Fall 2007): 468(24). General OneFile. Gale. ST JOHNS SCHOOL. 2 Sept. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS>.
  8. ↑ Wilkins, Fanon Che. "The making of black internationalists: SNCC and Africa before the launching of Black Power, 1960-1965.(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)." The Journal of African American History 92.4 (Fall 2007): 468(24). General OneFile. Gale. ST JOHNS SCHOOL. 2 Sept. 2008 <http://find.galegroup.com/ips/start.do?prodId=IPS>.
  9. ↑ "Civil Rights and the Churches (1960s)." American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  10. ↑ "Civil Rights and the Churches (1960s)." American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  11. ↑ "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  12. ↑ "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  13. ↑ "Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  14. ↑ "Civil Rights and the Churches (1960s)." American Decades CD-ROM. Gale Research, 1998. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  15. ↑ "Mississippi." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  16. ↑ "Mississippi." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  17. ↑ "Mississippi." Civil Rights in the United States. 2 vols. Macmillan Reference USA, 2000. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/
  18. ↑ "Freedom Summer." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. 5 vols. Macmillan, 1996. Reproduced in History Resource Center. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale. http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/HistRC/

External links:

There are several major issues: one is that the project was difficult to navigate because their was no menu and much of your text seemed to be a brief description. You made several assertions throughout and provided no evidence to support you claim. External Links?

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