Test Review
Because Cern wants you to get a 100
Terms
- lepton
- Heavy Leptons
- Muon and Tau
- : Discovery
- :: Carl Anderson discovered the muon by studying cosmic rays and observed that particles curved in different ways so more than just electrons were present and Martin Perl discovered the tau by colliding protons
- :: Not found in ordinary matter because they are so massive and decay quickly
- hadron
- meson
- baryon
- quark
- muon
- pion
- Standard Model
- pair production
- antimatter
- --All particles have an antiparticle
- --Act like corresponding particles but have opposite charges
- annihilation
- --When matter and antimatter meet they annihilate into pure energy
- bubble chamber
- rest mass-energy
- electron volt
- cyclotron
- synchotron
- collision experiment
- fixed target experiment
- conservation laws
- electromagnetic force
- strong force
Strong Force and Gluon
The gluon was first discovered through experimental verification in 1979 at the PETRA Particle Accelerator in Hamburg, Germany.
The gluon solves the question: Why doesn't the nucleus blow apart due to the positively-charged protons repelling each other?
Quarks have type of charge called a color charge. The force between these color-charged particles is called the strong force. This force holds quarks together to form hadrons. The particles that carry this force are called gluons.
The color forcefield that links two quarks in a given hadron increases in energy as the quarks are pulled apart. At some point, the quarks snap into a new quark-antiquark pair (think of a rubber band being stretched to the point of snapping).
So, the strong force overcomes the repulsive electromagnetic force in the nucleus and is able to hold the nucleus of the atom together.
It is hypothesized that at extremely high temperature and high density, a phase exists where (almost) free quarks and gluons are roaming about. This plasma is thought to be something akin to the state of the early universe. The QGP is being studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider in New York.
weak force
Higgs boson
key points in the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
How is it organized?
What information is contained in the model?
What information is omitted?
How does the mass of a particle relate to its relative stability?
Be certain you recall key points from student presentations:
discovery of electron
proton
neutron
antimatter
neutrino
cosmic rays
Be able to describe the basic functions of the major parts of a modern particle accelerator and a typical modern detector.
What is the role of relativistic momentum in particle physics?
When is it appropriate to use the simplification E = pc vs. E2 = p2c2 + m02c4 ?
What do bubble chamber tracks look like?
How are these different from tracks in a modern detector?
Why do some particles make curved tracks while others do not make tracks at all?
How do you determine a positively charged particle’s track from a negative one?
Be sure you understand the methods of conservation of momentum and energy used in particle physics, including: Calculating momentum from tracks, determining the vector sum of momentum components of more than one decay product, determining the value of any ‘missing’ momentum, calculating rest mass-energy.
Do not be surprised to find a brief essay question, perhaps describing what you have learned from this project.
Return to Stanford
weak force
Higgs boson
key points in the Standard Model of Particle Physics.
How is it organized?
What information is contained in the model?
What information is omitted?
How does the mass of a particle relate to its relative stability?
Be certain you recall key points from student presentations:
discovery of electron
proton
neutron
antimatter
neutrino
cosmic rays
Be able to describe the basic functions of the major parts of a modern particle accelerator and a typical modern detector.
What is the role of relativistic momentum in particle physics?
When is it appropriate to use the simplification E = pc vs. E2 = p2c2 + m02c4 ?
What do bubble chamber tracks look like?
How are these different from tracks in a modern detector?
Why do some particles make curved tracks while others do not make tracks at all?
How do you determine a positively charged particle’s track from a negative one?
Be sure you understand the methods of conservation of momentum and energy used in particle physics, including: Calculating momentum from tracks, determining the vector sum of momentum components of more than one decay product, determining the value of any ‘missing’ momentum, calculating rest mass-energy.
Do not be surprised to find a brief essay question, perhaps describing what you have learned from this project.
Return to Stanford
